Tuesday, October 25, 2011

Homework for Oct. 25

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Book Report due on Oct. 31

Language Arts - Extra Credit Scary Story due on Oct. 31

Spelling - Contract & Test due on Wednesday

5P Math - Study Link 3.8, Study guide due on Thursday, Test on Friday

5V Math - Study Link 3.1

5B Math - Study Link 3.3

Monday, October 24, 2011

Homework for Oct. 24

Reading - read 20 minutes, Book Report due on Oct. 31, Time for Kids sheet due tomorrow if they did not finish in class

Language Arts - Extra Credit Scary Story due on Oct. 31

Spelling - Contract & Test due on Wednesday

5P Math - Journal page 81 #s 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, & 4 select 2, Study Guide due on Thursday, Test Friday

5B Math - Study Link 3.2

5V Math - Study Link 3.1

Conference note if you have not turned it in.

Friday, October 21, 2011

Newsletter for the week of October 24

Reading: This week in reading, we will use a variety of literature to teach our skills.  We will continue with vocabulary and using context clues to define words.  We will be reading articles from the Time for Kids magazines and using read alouds to teach our skills.  This week in reading we will be distinguishing between significant and minor details in a reading selection.  We will also be reading to form an opinion and take a stance using our Time for Kids magazine, and working on higher level thinking skills.

Book Report: The next book report is due on October 31, and the students will present this to the class. For this report, they will need to make a newspaper page. The assignment has the requirements copied on the back. If you have any questions about this report please let me know.

Math: In math we started unit 3. The first two lessons focused on data collection, organization, and interpreting data. The third lesson focused on finding the measurements of angles inside a polygon without using a protractor. The students will use a circle to figure out these measurements.  Last week we worked on the different types of angles and measuring them using a protractor. The acute angle is less than 90 degrees. An obtuse angle is greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees. A right angle is exactly 90 degrees, and a reflex angle is greater than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees. Then they learned about the radius and the diameter of a circle. They also learned about the measurements of vertical and adjacent angles. Adjacent angles form a straight angle so the sum of the angles equal 180 degrees. Vertical angles have the same measurement. They also learned about the different types of triangles, and how to use a compass to copy them.  This week the lessons will focus on the properties of polygons and tessellations.  The test will be on Thursday.

Writing: This week in writing, the students will finish writing a memoir from the point of view of their stuffed animal.  In groups, the students will create a written story for a wordless picture book.  We will also create a dead word book.  This book will have a graveyard of overused words, and the students will make a list of synonyms for those words.  I also would like to do a lesson on the use of transitions to make our sentences sound more fluent.

Science: We will go back to science after finishing our social studies chapters for this quarter.

Social Studies: This week in groups, the students will continue to create their own colony and develop a vision of their colony 3 years out. They will have to develop a political system, create a flag, name the colony, create a story of the discovery, map the location, figure out a 3 year plan to pay back their charter, and look at the economy. Each group will then present their colony to the class.

Spelling Unit 8:
American     frozen     button     chapter     tractor     golden     taken     harbor     father
color     ancestor     hidden     hamburger     theater     weather     beckon     cannon
comparison     elder     turban     desperate     frostbitten     laden     emergency     straighten
forbidden     sovereign     battalion     examine     amplifier     renovator     reverberate
calendar     interpreter     wanderer     proprietor     conestoga     indigo     despair     Congress

HEALTHY SNACK LIST:
Due to life-threatening peanut/nuts/sesame allergies at every grade level and the fact that we change classes for math and flex groups, we are asking that no peanut/nut/sesame products be sent in for a nutritional snack. Also a list was sent home that stated the food items that will be allowed for snacks. The following items can be brought in: fruit, vegetable sticks, pretzels, cheese slices or cubes, raisins, cereal mix (i.e. Chex Mix), rice cakes, and crackers.

Robert Crown:
Indian Prairie School District #204 will host a parents’ orientation to our fifth grade health unit on Human Growth and Development.  For your convenience, we have scheduled two dates.  Please feel free to attend any one of the sessions as follows:

Thursday, November 17, 2011                                                       Wednesday, November 30, 2011
7:00 p.m.                                                                                           7:00 p.m.
Brooks Elementary School                                                                Patterson Elementary School
2700 Stonebridge Boulevard                                                             3731 Lawrence Drive
Aurora, IL 60502                                                                                Naperville, IL 60564
(Stonebridge Subdivision;                                                                  (Ashbury Subdivision;       
West off of Eola Rd.)                                                                         North off of 104th St. onto Lawrence Dr.)

This unit includes, as part of its material, a visit by our students to the Robert Crown Health Center in Hinsdale.

At the health center, students have a presentation on the growth changes that are about to begin in their bodies with the onset of puberty.  They also will see a twenty-minute film on human growth and development.

 The purpose of the parents’ meeting is to inform you of the material your child will be seeing and to answer any questions you might have about the Robert Crown student visitation.  If you have any questions about this unit or about the meeting, please contact me.  I hope you will be able to attend one of the sessions.


NEW READING INCENTIVE PROGRAM:
There is a new reading incentive program that Mrs. May is doing. To earn the prize, the fifth graders will need to read 400 minutes in a month. That is 20 minutes a night. To learn more about the program go to Mrs. May's blog at mwlmc.blogspot.com.

Important Dates:
Conference Notes due Monday, October 24
Spelling Test Wednesday, October 26
Math Test Thursday, October 27
Report cards go home Friday, October 28

Homework for Oct. 21

Reading _ Read 20 minutes, Book Report due 10-31

Language Arts - Extra Credit: Scary story due on 10-31

Spelling - Contract & Test due on Wednesday

5P Math - Study Guide due on Wednesday, Test on Thursday

Conference note due on Monday

Thursday, October 20, 2011

Homework for Oct. 20

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Book Report due on Oct. 31

Lanuage Arts - Extra Credit: Scary Story due on Oct. 31

Spelling - Contract & Test due Wednesday

5P Math - Study Link 3.5 Practice only, Journal page79 #s 2, 3, 5, & select 2 from 6, Study Guide due Wednesday, Test on Thursday

Conference Note due on Oct. 24

Wednesday, October 19, 2011

Homework for Oct. 19

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Book Report due on Oct.31

Language Arts - Extra Credit: Scary Story Contest due Oct. 31

5P Math - Journal page 61, study guide due on Wednesday, Test on Thursday

5B Math - Test tomorrow, Study Link 3.1

5V Math - Brainteaser

P.E. - Test tomorrow

Conference form due back by Oct. 24

Tuesday, October 18, 2011

Homework for Oct. 18

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Book Report due on 10/31

Spelling - Test & Contract due on Wednesday

5P Math - Journal page 74 All

5B Math - Test on Thursday, Study Guide

PA Flex - Write paragraph on your opinion

Bring Stuffed Animal

Monday, October 17, 2011

Homework for Oct. 17

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Book Report due on Oct. 31

Spelling - Contract & Test due on Wednesday

5P Math - Study Link 3.4, Mathboxes page 71 #s 1, 2, & 3

5B Math - Study Guide, Test on Thursday

5V Math - Test Tuesday

Social Studies - Test tomorrow

Friday, October 14, 2011

Newsletter for the week of Oct. 17

Reading: This week in reading, we will read an exert from the story Dear Mrs. Parks.  We will focus on drawing conclusions, making inferences, and continue working on figurative language.  We will also start working on the extended response.  This week will be a mini extended response.  The requirements for the extended response are: TTQA, answer, evidence, interpretation, and reflection.  For the mini extended response we will not focus on the interpretation.  On Wednesday, I will model how to write one with the following question: What character traits does Mrs. Parks show?  Then on Thursday the students will work with a partner to answer the following question: Why do you think Mrs. Parks took the time out of her busy life to carry on correspondence with young people?  We will also continue to focus on vocabulary.  These words will be focused on during the story: ridiculed, dignity, counsel, potential, inspire, correspondence, and mentor.

Book Report: The next book report is due on October 31, and the students will present this to the class.  For this report, they will need to make a newspaper page.  The assignment has the requirements copied on the back.  If you have any questions about this report please let me know. 

Math: In math we started unit 3. The first two lessons focused on data collection, organization, and interpreting data. The third lesson focused on finding the measurements of angles inside a polygon without using a protractor. The students will use a circle to figure out these measurements.  This week we will work on the different types of angles and measuring them using a protractor.  The acute angle is less than 90 degrees.  An obtuse angle is greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees.  A right angle is exactly 90 degrees, and a reflex angle is greater than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees.  Then they will learn about the radius and the diameter of a circle.  They will also learn about the measurements of vertical and adjacent angles.  Adjacent angles form a straight angle so the sum of the angles equal 180 degrees.  Vertical angles have the same measurement.  They will also learn about the different types of triangles, and how to use a compass to copy them.  The next two lessons will focus on the properties of polygons and tessellations.

Writing: This week in writing, we will write the final copies to their memoirs. I will finish conferencing with students.  There will also be mini lessons on fluency, transitions, editing/revising, and using good word choice.  The students will also write a memoir from the point of view of their stuffed animal.  I hope to start these on Wednesday of this week.

Science: We will go back to science after finishing our social studies chapters for this quarter.

Social Studies: Chapter 4 was our first chapter in social studies, and this chapter focused on the Spanish building an empire in the Western hemisphere. The first lesson focused on Columbus's expeditions. The second lesson focused on longitude and latitude. The next lesson focused on the Spanish meeting the Aztec. This lesson also discussed how the Spanish defeated the Aztec empire. The last lesson for this chapter focused on how the Spanish built their new life in the Western hemisphere.  Last week we started chapter 5 which focused on other European nations starting to colonize in the Western hemisphere. The students learned about the lost colony of Roanoke and the first permanent colony Jamestown.  The test on Tuesday will be about the Spanish colonization, Columbus's expeditions, the lost colony of Roanoke, and Jamestown.  This week in groups, the students will also start to create their own colony and develop a vision of their colony 3 years out.  They will have to develop a political system, create a flag, name the colony, create a story of the discovery, map the location, figure out a 3 year plan to pay back their charter, and look at the economy.  Each group will then present their colony to the class.

Spelling Unit 7:
charged       spied       moving       trying       practicing       injured       carrying       tasted  
receiving       becoming       lying       dying       realized       provided       fried       created
tallied       carried       revising       wearing       approval       glimpse       braggart
sufficient       qualities       angered       sympathizing       whimpering       ricocheted      
crocheting       dyeing       murmured       panicking       identifying       resembling       tornado
cumulus       precipitation       evaporation       hurricane

HEALTHY SNACK LIST:
Due to life-threatening peanut/nuts/sesame allergies at every grade level and the fact that we change classes for math and flex groups, we are asking that no peanut/nut/sesame products be sent in for a nutritional snack. Also a list was sent home that stated the food items that will be allowed for snacks. The following items can be brought in: fruit, vegetable sticks, pretzels, cheese slices or cubes, raisins, cereal mix (i.e. Chex Mix), rice cakes, and crackers.

NEW READING INCENTIVE PROGRAM:
There is a new reading incentive program that Mrs. May is doing. To earn the prize, the fifth graders will need to read 400 minutes in a month. That is 20 minutes a night. To learn more about the program go to Mrs. May's blog at mwlmc.blogspot.com.

Important Dates:
Social Studies Test Tuesday, Oct. 18
Spelling Test Wednesday, October 19
Paw Print Redemption Thursday, October 20

Homework for Oct. 14

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Book Report due on Oct. 31

Spelling - Contract & Test due Wednesday

5B Math - Test on Thursday

5V Math - Test Tuesday

Social Studies - Test on Tuesday

P.E. - Homework due on Monday

Thursday, October 13, 2011

Homework for Oct. 13

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Extra Credit Book Report due tomorrow

Spelling - Contract & Test due on Wednesday

5P Math - SL 3.3, Journal page 65 #s 1, 2, & 3

5B Math - SL 2.10, Test Thursday

5V Math - SL 2.10 #s 1-10, Test on Tuesday

P.E. Homework due on Monday

Wednesday, October 12, 2011

Homework for Oct. 12

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Extra credit book report due on Friday

All Math Classes- If they did not finish their homework from yesterday they need to complete it for tomorrow.

Social Studies - Jamestown questions if they were not done.

Tuesday, October 11, 2011

Homework for Oct. 11

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Extra Credit Book Report due on Friday

Spelling - Contract & Test due on Wednesday

5P Math - Study Link 3.2 #s 1, 2, and select 3 from the practice, Journal page 65 #s 2, 3 and select 1 from 6

5B Math - Study Link 2.9

5V Math - Study Link 2.9, Journal 2.9 #s 2, 3, & 5, Test

Market Day Order forms for pies are due on Oct. 19

Friday, October 7, 2011

Newsletter for the week of October 10

Reading: This week in reading, we will focus on poetry.  The students will read various poems with partners and work on their fluency skills.  We will also work on figurative language this week.  Students will learn about similes, metaphors, hyperboles, idioms, personification, and onomatopoeias.  Similes and metaphors compare two things.  The difference is that similes use like or as.  Onomatopoeias use words that actually sound like what it means.  For example, the words whack, bam, buzz, hiss are all onomatopoeias.  Hyperboles are exaggerations used for a dramatic effect.  Personification gives something human traits.  For example, the tulips bowed as we walked pass them.  An idiom is a common expression used to mean something else.  For example, it's raining cats and dogs.

Book Report:  The book report due on October 14 is an extra credit report.  The student have two options to select from.  Option #1: Write a letter to the main character in your book.  Tell him/her how you feel about him/her, and what he/she did in the book.  Would you have done anything differently?  Tell the main character your thoughts about the book.  Option #2: Make a book jacket for your book.  Be sure to include author, title, and illustration on the front cover.  On the inside flaps write a summary about the book.  Make sure you include the characters, setting, plot, conflict, and solution.

Math: In math we started unit 3.  The first two lessons focus on data collection, organization, and interpreting data.  The third lesson will focus on finding the measurements of angles inside a polygon without using a protractor.  The students will use a circle to figure out these measurements.

Writing: This week in writing, we will write the rough draft of their memoirs.  I will also conference with the students when they are finished writing their rough draft.  After they conference with me, they will write their final copy.  There will also be mini lessons on fluency, transitions, editing/revising, and using good word choice.  

Science: We will go back to science after finishing our social studies chapters for this quarter.

Social Studies: Chapter 4 was our first chapter in social studies, and this chapter focused on the Spanish building an empire in the Western hemisphere. The first lesson focused on Columbus's expeditions. The second lesson focused on longitude and latitude. The next lesson focused on the Spanish meeting the Aztec. This lesson also discussed how the Spanish defeated the Aztec empire. The last lesson for this chapter focused on how the Spanish built their new life in the Western hemisphere.  This week we will start chapter 5 which focuses on other European nations starting to colonize in the Western hemisphere.  The students will learn about the lost colony of Roanoke and the first permanent colony Jamestown.  They will also learn about the Dutch and the French starting colonies.  We have not taken a test because both of these chapters focus on the beginning of colonization in this hemisphere.

Spelling Unit 6:
treasure     capture     feature     pleasure     measure     creature     picture     adventure
mixture     structure     pasture     culture     literature     furniture     temperature    
legislature     immature     leisure     premature     signature     recruited     persistent
league     devastation     inspiration     caricature     assure     cashier     immeasurable
posture     overture     compromise     lethargic     beneficial     appreciative     vegetables
sentences     tolerate     debtor     elevation

HEALTHY SNACK LIST:
Due to life-threatening peanut/nuts/sesame allergies at every grade level and the fact that we change classes for math and flex groups, we are asking that no peanut/nut/sesame products be sent in for a nutritional snack. Also a list was sent home that stated the food items that will be allowed for snacks. The following items can be brought in: fruit, vegetable sticks, pretzels, cheese slices or cubes, raisins, cereal mix (i.e. Chex Mix), rice cakes, and crackers.

FAMILY READING NIGHT FOR GRADES 2-5: All the fifth grade teachers will be there.
Family Reading Night will take place on Tuesday, October 11 from 6:15 - 7:45 with the theme of Reading is for Meaning. The purpose of this evening is to be introduced to the different stages of reading and to understand that reading goes beyond word recognition. The primary focus will be on Newly Fluent and Truly Fluent readers through exploring text complexity in the various genres of literature. Matching readers to text that supports interactive and engaged reading is an important part of building student comprehension. Plan to come and attend 3 different breakout sessions. The registration form is due on Friday, October 7. You must register to attend.  If you still want to attend, you can send in the registration note on Tuesday.

NEW READING INCENTIVE PROGRAM:
There is a new reading incentive program that Mrs. May is doing. To earn the prize, the fifth graders will need to read 400 minutes in a month. That is 20 minutes a night. To learn more about the program go to Mrs. May's blog at mwlmc.blogspot.com.

Important Dates:
No School Monday, October 10
Fundraiser due on Tuesday, October 11
Spelling Test Wednesday, October 12
Family Reading Night Tuesday, October 11 from 6:00 - 8:00
Early Dismissal 12:15 on Wednesday, October 12

Homework for Oct. 7

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Extra Credit Book Report due on Oct. 14, Required Book Report due on Oct. 31

Spelling - Test & Contract due on Wednesday

Fundraiser due on Oct. 11

Thursday, October 6, 2011

Homework for Oct. 6

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Extra Credit book report due Oct. 14, TFK if they are not done

Spelling - Contract & Test due Wednesday, Oct. 12

5P Math - Study Link 3.1

5B Math - Study Link 2.8

5V Math - Journal page 69 #s 3, 4, &5 2.8

Fundraiser due on Oct. 11

Wednesday, October 5, 2011

Homework for Oct. 5

Reading - Read 20 minutes, Extra Credit book report due on Oct. 14

5B Math - Study Link 2.7 due Thursday

5V Math - Math boxes page 65 #s 3, 4, & 5

Picture Day tomorrow

Fundraiser due on Oct. 11

Tuesday, October 4, 2011

Homework for October 4

Reading read 20 minutes, Extra Credit Book Report due on Oct. 14,

Spelling - Contract & Test due tomorrow

5P Math - Test tomorrow, Study Link 2.10 practice problems only

5B Math - Quiz tomorrow Review 2.3, 2.4, & 2.5, SMJ 2.7

5V Math - Pages 62 & 63, Mathboxes page 64 #s 1, 2, 3, & 4

Picture Day Thursday

Fundraiser due on Oct. 11

Monday, October 3, 2011

Homework for Oct. 3

Reading - Read 20 minutes

Spelling - Contract & Test for Wednesday

5P Math - Study Link 2.8, 2.9, Study Guide due tomorrow, Test on Wednesday

5B Math - Study Link 2.6

5V Math - Page 59 & 60, 61 # 1 & 4

Social Studies - Worksheet

Sunday, October 2, 2011

Newsletter for the week of October 3

Reading: This week in reading, we will finish the story Sees Behind Trees and read articles from Time for Kids.  On Monday, we will work on vocabulary and open ended responses from Sees Behind Trees.  With the TFK issue that focuses on Hurricane Irene, we will be making connections to our science unit.  Our focus skills for this week are making connections to real world situations before and during reading, making inferences while reading nonfiction texts, and using a combination of word analysis skills when attacking new words. With another TFK, which focuses on monarch butterflies, we will focus on the author's purpose for writing this article, and the students will have to find evidence to support their answer. 

Book Report:

Math: In math we are working on unit 2. The first lesson for unit 2 looked at developing strategies for estimating.  The second and third lessons focused on addition and subtraction.  We learned about open number sentences, and the students worked on interpreting data.  Last week the students learned about probability and estimating products.  They also worked on multiplying using partial product, lattice, and the traditional method.  This week we will finish this unit working on place value and reviewing multiplication.  The test is on Wednesday.

Writing: This week in writing, we will continue learning about memoirs.  The students will finish looking at different author's memoirs and analyzing the components that make up a memoir. After looking at these components, we will define what a memoir is and look at the structure of a memoir.  The memoir will be introduced to the students by making a special memory map and placing a X on the map marking an important image.  From there the students will give an oral telling of their special place to different students in the class.  After the oral telling, we will start planning out our memoir, and the students will start writing a rough draft.  There will also be a short lesson on using transitions in our writing.  On Friday, we will do another debate on using social-network sites.  One of our issues of Time for Kids poses the following question: Should kids use social-networking sites? 

Science: We will go back to science after finishing our social studies chapters for this quarter.

Social Studies: We started social studies last Thursday.  Chapter 4 will be our first chapter in social studies, and this chapter focuses on the Spanish building an empire in the Western hemisphere.  The first lesson will focus on Columbus's expeditions.  The second lesson will focus on longitude and latitude.  The next lesson will focus on the Spanish meeting the Aztec.  This lesson will also discuss on the Spanish defeated the Aztec empire.  The last lesson for this chapter will focus on how the Spanish built their new life in the Western hemisphere.

Spelling Unit 5:
percent     absence     years     refused     ancient     pressure     machine     notice     scene
station     social     special     parachute     specialty     detention      constitution    
advertisement     advise     cities     chalet     sincere     tissue     resident     magician     medicine
appreciate     atrocious     innocence     intercept     asymmetrical     symmetry     cemetery
ceremony     scenic     permission     Sachem     tentative     servant     cash crop     multiplication

HEALTHY SNACK LIST:
Due to life-threatening peanut/nuts/sesame allergies at every grade level and the fact that we change classes for math and flex groups, we are asking that no peanut/nut/sesame products be sent in for a nutritional snack.  Also a list was sent home that stated the food items that will be allowed for snacks.  The following items can be brought in: fruit, vegetable sticks, pretzels, cheese slices or cubes, raisins, cereal mix (i.e. Chex Mix), rice cakes, and crackers. 

FAMILY READING NIGHT FOR GRADES 2-5:
Family Reading Night will take place on Tuesday, October 11 from 6:15 - 7:45 with the theme of Readingis for Meaning.  The purpose of this evening is to be introduced to the different stages of reading and to understand that reading goes beyond word recognition.  The primary focus will be on  Newly Fluent and Truly Fluent readers through exploring text complexity in the various genres of literature.  Matching readers to text that supports interactive and engaged reading is an important part of building student comprehension.  Plan to come and attend 3 different breakout sessions.  The registration form is due on Friday, October 7.  You must register to attend.

NEW READING INCENTIVE PROGRAM:
There is a new reading incentive program that Mrs. May is doing.  To earn the prize, the fifth graders will need to read 400 minutes in a month.  That is 20 minutes a night.  To learn more about the program go to Mrs. May's blog at mwlmc.blogspot.com.

FAMILY SELF DEFENSE NIGHT (from Mrs. Andrews):
The safety of our children is of great importance to all of us.  We can do our best to keep them safe at home and school, but situations may arise that we cannot control.  These incidents can happen anywhere, at any time, and with anyone.  It is not just an issue in the big cities or always a "stranger danger" attack.  Parents are often unsure of what to say to their young children and how much information they should provide to them.  Mrs. Andrews will provide an age appropriate, hands om self-defense workshop in which you may participate with your family.  When parents are in attendance, they can see first hand what she plans to cover.  Your child can practice these techniques on their parents or adult family members.  Competence and confidence in self-defense techniques can relieve anxiety and is a good resource for your child.  The majority of self-defense is avoidance of dangerous situations and good information.   That will be her focus. They will be practicing physical defense, so please wear comfortable clothing and gym shoes.  Older siblings and all family members are encouraged to participate.  Permission slips were sent home, but Mrs. Keene has them in the office.  Mrs. Andrews also has extra permission slips.  The number of participates will be limited due to safety and space needs, so be sure to return the permission slip.  This event will be held on Wednesday, October 5 from 6:30 - 8:30 for K-5 students and parents.  If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Mrs. Andrews at terri_andrews@ipsd.org or 428-6709.

PTA REFLECTIONS:  The Project turn in deadline for May Watts' students is October 7.  For more information, please go to http://www.wattspta.org/.  Also, information, rules, and entry forms can be downloaded at www.ptareflections.org/cs/rules and documents or contact the Reflections Chair, Amy Toepper, at amytoepper@hotmail.com
This years theme is "Diversity Means..."

Important Dates:
Track & Field Monday, October 3
Math Test Wednesday, October 5
Spelling Test Wednesday, October 5
Self-Defense Night Wednesday, October 5 from 6:30 - 8:30
Picture Day Thursday, October 6
Paw Print Redemption Day Thursday, October 6
No School Monday, October 10
Family Reading Night Tuesday, October 11 from 6:00 - 8:00
Early Dismissal 12:00 on Wednesday, October 12